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BOOK CHAPTER-ESLADr Manaswini Sen, Assistant Professor in the Department of History at SRM University – AP, Amaravati in her chapter titled “The ‘Unholy’ Trinity: Syndicate of the Colonial State, Capitalists, and the Police; Repression and Corporate Policing of Working-Class Movement in Late-Colonial Bengal (1930–1947)”, published in Exploring Power and Authority in Indian History Across the Ages (Springer), investigates how the colonial state, capitalist interests, and the police referred to as the “unholy trinity”collaborated to repress working-class movements in late-colonial Calcutta between 1930 and 1947.

The study examines the complex interests of the capitalist class and the British imperial state in late colonial India, focusing on their collective oppression towards labor radicalisation. It examines the legal measures taken by the British imperial state to monitor working-class militarisation and the strategies employed by capitalists to disrupt strikes and deny workers’ claims.

The chapter also discusses the establishment of white or pro-state unions that used communalism to disrupt strikes and hinder revolutionary union movements in late colonial Calcutta. The chapter provides new perspectives on competition-collaboration theories, discusses the role of Indian capitalists, and explores the question of communalism in trade union politics in late colonial Bengal. It is relevant for those working in labour history, mass movement history, late colonial Calcutta, and urban history.

About the book :

Exploring Power and Authority in Indian History Across the Ages offers a nuanced exploration of power and authority in Indian history through a series of case studies spanning different regions and time periods. It examines the sociological, cultural, economic, and historical dimensions of power, critiques dominant ideologies, and highlights responses from marginalised groups. Providing insights into diverse political structures from ancient to modern times, this volume is a valuable resource for historians, scholars, and researchers of Indian and South Asian history.

Dr Supen Kumar Sah, Assistant Professor at the Department of Mechanical Engineering presents his exclusive study on the thermo-mechanical bending behaviour of functionally graded material (FGM) sandwich plates using the Sinusoidal Shear Deformation Theory (SSDT) in his recent paper titled “Thermo-mechanical bending of power and sigmoid FGM sandwich plate using sinusoidal shear deformation theory”. The paper has been published in the Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, having an impact factor of 3.2.

Abstract

This study examines the thermo-mechanical bending behaviour of functionally graded material (FGM) sandwich plates with temperature-dependent properties. FGMs, typically made from metal and ceramic, combine rigidity and high thermal resistance, and their properties are assumed to vary continuously in thickness. Using sigmoid and power law distributions, we analyse the smooth variation of properties and apply a one-dimensional heat conduction equation to determine temperature changes. The Sinusoidal Shear Deformation Theory (SSDT) is utilised to account for the sinusoidal distribution of shear stress while meeting traction-free boundary conditions. We derive the governing equations through Hamilton’s variational principle and Navier’s solution, resulting in closed-form solutions for center deflection, and normal and shear stresses of the plates. The analysis reveals that temperature-dependent properties and gradation indices significantly affect central deflection, normal stress, and shear stress. The SSDT results align well with existing shear deformation theory, confirming its accuracy.

Dr Sah collaborated with Dr Anup Ghosh from IIT Kharagpur on the research study. He aims to continue his research on FGMA and focus on the structural analysis of multidirectional Functionally Graded Material sandwich plates in the future.

Link to the article

Env. Sc. Paper PublishedThe transition to sustainable energy sources has become imperative due to the exhaustion of conventional resources caused by excessive use and their detrimental impact on the environment. Currently, alternative energy sources, such as solar, wind, nuclear, tidal, and geothermal energy, hydro have been introduced. Over the last few decades, focus has shifted to the use of hydrogen energy as a promising alternative to traditional power sources in almost all sectors requiring energy applications.

However, a major challenge holding back their widespread use is the high cost and limited performance of a key component called the catalyst layer (CL). This layer is responsible for speeding up the chemical reaction that generates electricity, but it typically requires a large amount of platinum, a rare and expensive metal and often has a thick, disordered structure that reduces efficiency.

This research, titled “Towards Next-Generation proton exchange membrane fuel Cells: The role of nanostructured catalyst layers” led by Dr. Narayanamoorthy Bhuvanendran, Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, was published in the Q1 Journal, Chemical Engineering Journal, with an Impact Factor of 13.4. The paper focuses on designing advanced nanostructured catalyst layers that are thinner, more organised, and use much less platinum. These next-generation CLs can help fuel cells perform better, last longer, and become more affordable.

The study reviews recent progress in this field, highlights innovative methods for creating these new structures, and outlines future directions to improve their practicality and environmental impact. Ultimately, this work aims to bring us closer to clean, efficient, and widely accessible fuel cell technology.

Fuel cells offer clean energy with zero emissions when using hydrogen, and higher energy efficiency than diesel or gas engines. Among them, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are one of the most promising technologies. PEMFCs produce only water as a byproduct, making them a clean energy alternative to fossil fuels.

Abstract:
Catalyst layer (CL) is the major component of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and routinely fabricated by a catalyst ink-based processing method. Such conventional CLs typically confront low activity, unaffordable Pt loading, and severe mass transport issues due to the thick and disordered structure, hampering the widespread commercial application of PEMFCs.

Engineering of nanostructured CLs with low/ultralow Pt loading, ordered and/or ultrathin CLs, provides a highly promising pathway for overcoming these limitations. For the practical application of the nanostructured CLs in PEMFCs, this review comprehensively summarises and comments on the important research and development of nanostructured CLs over recent years, involving ordered electronic conductor-based CLs, ordered ionomer-based CLs, and ultrathin CLs.

The reviewed processes include

(i) analysing the motivation and necessity to design and fabricate nanostructured CLs based on the structure and mass transport process of conventional CLs,
(ii) scrutinising structure and composition, preparation methods, advantages, as well as
some feasible strategies for the remaining challenges of various nanostructured CLs in
detail,
(iii) the progress of single cell activity and durability of the nanostructured CLs. Finally, some perspectives on remaining challenges and future development of the nanostructured CLs are presented to guide the exploitation for the next-generation of advanced CLs of PEMFCs.

Practical implementations:

The practical objective of this study is to facilitate the development of more efficient, cost-effective, and durable proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) through the redesign of the catalyst layer utilising advanced nanostructures. This enhancement has the potential to substantially decrease dependence on costly platinum, reduce production expenses, and enhance the overall performance of fuel cells.

In terms of societal impact, this research contributes to the transition towards clean and sustainable energy systems, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution associated with conventional fossil fuels. By making fuel cell technology more accessible and scalable, particularly for transportation and portable power applications, it supports global initiatives to combat climate change and improve energy security for future generations.

Collaborations:
Prof. Huaneng Su, Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.

Paper on Sindi- ESLAThe Sindhi language presents a compelling case for examining the intersections of language, territory, and identity in the post-Partition context. In India, Sindhi often survives as a spoken language, primarily confined to the domestic sphere. This restricted use raises important questions about the conditions necessary for linguistic vitality.

Exploring the complexities surrounding Sindhi Dr Soni Wadhwa, Assistant Professor in the Department of Literature and Languages, has published a research article titled “Critical agendas for the areal linguistics: locating Sindhi within South Asia” in the Q1 journal Journal of Critical Inquiry in Language Studies. This publication contributes significantly to scholarly discussions on areal linguistics, offering critical insights into the precarious position of Sindhi and the broader implications for language studies in postcolonial South Asia.

This article explores these dynamics to foreground the often-overlooked role of technological, epistemological, and aesthetic resources in sustaining minority languages. In doing so, it positions Sindhi as a critical lens through which to understand the challenges faced by minoritised languages in the Global South, particularly those without a clear territorial anchoring.

Abstract
As a concept within applied linguistics, areal linguistics concerns itself with investigating the nature of structural similarities among languages produced by contact rather than by history or by genetic similarities. A critical look at its descriptive linguistic agendas reveals that the domain needs to be revisited in terms of questions of power relations and linguistic inequalities within specific linguistic
areas. Such investigations reconfigure the dynamics of geography and regionality within language as a site of power.

This study seeks to make an intervention into India as a linguistic area with a focus on Sindhi, a non-regional language in India. Given that the language and the community do not have a state or a linguistic territory within India, the condition of Sindhi is characterised by a sense of precarity. Seen through the prism of India as a linguistic area, this precarity is not quite visible. In revisiting the celebrated concept of India as a linguistic area, this study suggests ways of asking contemporary questions about areal linguistics that go beyond describing the nature of contact among languages, and instead ask how this contact impacts the markers of hegemony over minor languages in terms of technological,epistemological, and aesthetic leverage.

Social Implications of the Research

This research might help in building further study around minority languages in India as well as elsewhere in the Global South, we empower more languages. This will help people who know regional languages access the Internet and other aspects that Digital India aspires to address.

Sindhis in India are scattered in different cities and speak the regional or state languages or English at home. This work helps in pushing more research on the language and the community which can further inform policies for linguistic empowerment.

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