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The Department of Mechanical Engineering is thrilled to announce a significant breakthrough in materials science has been achieved through the diligent research efforts of Prof. G S Vinod Kumar, Professor and Head of the Department and his Ph.D. scholar, Mr Dipak Bhosale in their latest paper, “Production, stability and properties of ultrafine MgAl2O4 (Spinel) particles stabilized Mg-3Ca alloy foams”. The study focuses on the development and detailed analysis of Mg–3Ca alloy foams, uniquely enhanced by ultrafine MgAl2O4 (spinel) particles. This innovative research outlines a novel methodology for improving the mechanical properties of magnesium foams, providing unparalleled advantages for a multitude of industrial applications.

Abstract

The present work reports the synthesis and mechanical behaviour studies of Mg–3Ca alloy foams stabilized by ultrafine MgAl 2 O 4 (spinel) particles. The MgAl 2 O 4 particles were created in-situ in the Mg–3Ca alloy melt through the reaction of Mg, Al and O. Foaming was done by adding dolomite (CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 ) as a blowing agent in the melt. The foaming behaviour was studied for different MgAl 2 O 4 content in Mg–3Ca and holding times (10 and 15 min). The study reveals that the presence of MgAl 2 O 4 significantly influences the foaming behaviour of Mg–3Ca alloy resulting in equiaxed cell structure, uniform cell size distribution, and higher expansion in comparison to the Mg–3Ca alloy foam, which contains only MgO and CaO. An in-depth phase and microstructural analysis were performed to investigate the particles present in the gas-solid interface of the foam that contribute to foam stabilization. The quasi-static compression studies of foams exhibited better compressive strength (≈3–11 MPa) and energy absorption capacity (≈1.3–5.7 MJ/m3) in comparison to the Mg foams reported in the literature. The ductility of the Mg foams was also measured and compared with that of existing aluminium foams.

Research Highlights:-

• Innovative Synthesis: The MgAl2O4 particles are synthesized in situ within the Mg–3Ca alloy melt via a controlled reaction involving Mg, Al, and O. This process ensures the uniform dispersion of spinel particles, which is critical for the foam’s structural integrity and performance.
• Foaming Process: By employing dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) as a blowing agent, the research team meticulously explored the foaming behaviour under various MgAl2O4 contents and holding times (10 and 15 min). The findings highlight a marked improvement in foam expansion and stability.
• Structural and Mechanical Analysis: Through comprehensive phase and microstructural analyses, the pivotal role of MgAl2O4 particles at the gas-solid interface in stabilizing the foam structure was uncovered. Quasi-static compression tests revealed outstanding compressive strength (≈3–11 MPa) and energy absorption capacity (≈1.3–5.7 MJ/m3), surpassing existing benchmarks for magnesium foams.

Key Properties and Applications:-

• Low Density & High Strength-to-Weight Ratio: The Mg–3Ca alloy foams showcase an optimal balance of low density and high mechanical strength, rendering them ideal for lightweight structural applications.
• Enhanced Energy Absorption: Their unique cellular structure provides superior energy absorption capabilities, suitable for impact and crash-resistant applications.
• Biocompatibility: Owing to magnesium’s biocompatibility, these foams are highly promising for biomedical applications, including bone implants and scaffolds for tissue engineering.
• Thermal Conductivity & Corrosion Resistance: Additionally, these foams exhibit advantageous thermal and corrosion-resistant properties, broadening their applicability across various environmental conditions.

Transformative Impact Across Industries:-

• Aerospace and Automotive: The significant weight reduction capabilities, coupled with uncompromised strength, position the Mg–3Ca alloy foams as revolutionary materials for component design in the aerospace and automotive sectors.
• Biomedical: Their biocompatible nature and structural characteristics make these foams an excellent option for medical implants and scaffolds, poised to improve patient outcomes in orthopaedics and tissue engineering significantly.
• Energy and Beyond: From thermal management solutions in renewable energy systems to applications in sports equipment, the potential uses for these magnesium foams are extensive and diverse, heralding a new chapter in material science.

This groundbreaking research not only advances the field of magnesium foam technology but also paves the way for new possibilities in lightweight, high-performance materials across various industries. The team is dedicated to further exploring the capabilities of these innovative materials and eagerly anticipates partnering with industry stakeholders to transition these advancements from the laboratory to commercial applications.

SRM University-AP and TITAN COMPANY LIMITED, a leading jewellery brand in India, have collaborated to engineer novel jewellery products using advanced materials and technologies. The joint research project, led by HOD Prof. G S Vinod Kumar and Ph.D. Scholar Dipak Nandkumar Bhosale, Department of Mechanical Engineering, has resulted in a new method of manufacturing foamed gold alloy that is lighter, stronger, and more durable than conventional gold jewellery.

A joint patent between SRM University-AP and TITAN COMPANY LIMITED has been filed for this innovative method of manufacturing foamed gold alloys. The jewellery products made from this material are currently available in TITAN showrooms under the brand name TANISHQ. The customers can enjoy the benefits of wearing lightweight and high-strength jewellery, which also has a high aesthetic appeal and value.

The collaboration between SRM University-AP and TITAN COMPANY LIMITED exemplifies how academia and industry can work together to create novel and useful products for society. The joint research project also provides an opportunity for the students and faculty of SRM University-AP to gain exposure and experience in the field of jewellery engineering and design and to contribute to advancing science and technology.

Abstract

The current innovation introduces a method for producing foamed gold alloy utilising a liquid metallurgical approach. Gas-releasing agents such as hydrides and carbonates are employed in the manufacturing process. Both 18K and 22K alloys are subjected to foaming in this invention. The resulting foams are stabilised by oxides generated in-situ as well as oxides added externally. These foamed gold alloys exhibit ultra-lower density. The foaming process is successfully executed using both interrupted and uninterrupted methods. These foamed gold alloys find applications in various fields including Jewellery and medical implants.

The title of patent in the citation format

“G. S. Vinod Kumar, Dipak Nandkumar Bhosale. A METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A FOAMED GOLD ALLOY. Indian Patent application number 202341059195 filed Sep 04, 2023”

Patent Application number

202341059195

Inventors

1. G. S. Vinod Kumar 2. Dipak Nandkumar Bhosale

In the era of scientific advancement, Prof. G S Vinod Kumar, HoD and his Research Scholar, Dipak Nandkumar Bhosale, from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at SRM University-AP, shine as a beacon of inspiration. The teacher-student duo were granted a patent for their research titled “Closed Cell Magnesium Alloy Foams Stabilized by Fly Ash Particles and A Method for Preparation for the Same.” This patent stands as a testament to their relentless pursuit and unwavering commitment to science.

Kudos to Prof. G S Vinod Kumar and Mr Dipak Nandkumar Bhosale for their exemplary dedication and foresight. Here’s an abstract of their patent-winning research.

Abstract:

A magnesium metal foam product enhanced with fly ash particles demonstrates versatility across multiple applications, including space, automotive, civil engineering, and marine uses. The stability of this magnesium alloy foam is attributed to the incorporation of fly ash particles, particularly alumina silicate (Al2SiO5) cenospheres. These cenospheres, hollow spheres derived from fly ash, serve as effective stabilisers for the magnesium alloy foam. The preparation involves reinforcing magnesium foamable precursors with fly ash particles, facilitating optimal foaming. The presence of fly ash particles ensures the stability of the liquid foam until solidification, resulting in a foam with a superior pore structure. With a contact angle ranging between 70° to 90°, the particles exhibit prolonged interaction with the liquid metal without agglomeration, dissolution, or reaction. This characteristic contributes to the attainment of desirable qualities essential for diverse applications.

Practical Application:

1. Aerospace: Magnesium foams can be used in lightweight structural components, thermal insulation, and vibration-damping systems in aerospace applications.

2. Automotive: In the automotive industry, magnesium foams find applications in lightweight body panels, crash absorbers, and acoustic insulation.

3. Biomedical: Due to their biocompatibility, magnesium foams are utilised in medical implants, such as bone fixation plates, and as scaffolds for tissue engineering.

4. Energy: These foams can be employed in thermal management systems, heat exchangers, and as structural components in renewable energy systems.

5. Sports and Leisure: Magnesium foams can be used in sports equipment such as helmets, pads, and protective gear due to their lightweight and impact-absorbing properties.

Patent Grant Number: 50830

SRM University-AP shares a momentous achievement as the Mechanical Engineering department has been awarded a financial grant of Rs 1.4 crores under the prestigious FIST (Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure) by DST (Department of Science and Technology) Government of India.

The equipment proposed under the FIST grant is High-Resolution X-ray Micro Computed Tomographic Scanner that will help Materials Scientists, Engineers, Manufacturers and Researchers investigate internal structures, pore flaws of metallic, polymer and ceramic samples/ components non-destructively. This state-of-the-art facility will promote R&D activities in new and emerging areas of Materials Science Engineering and Manufacturing. Additionally, it seeks to attract fresh talents to the university, fostering an environment of innovation and scientific excellence. The established facility will be available to internal and external users (from academic institutions, research labs, manufacturing Industries, MSMEs and Startups.

The grant, awarded for a duration of 5 years, is a testament to the unwavering commitment of SRM University-AP to providing cutting-edge resources for the advancement of scientific studies. This achievement results from the exceptional efforts put forth by the faculty members of the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the university. Their dedication, expertise, and commitment to academics and research played a pivotal role in securing this grant amidst tough competition.

Prof. Manoj K Arora, Vice Chancellor, SRM University-AP proudly remarked, “This grant will not only enhance our research capabilities but also provide a platform for our students and faculty members to explore new avenues in the field.” Prof. G S Vinod Kumar, Head of the Mechanical Department, expressed his delight that the grant will be utilised for advanced characterisation and diagnostic research in the area of Materials and Manufacturing. It will also be used to strengthen the postgraduate and doctoral research facilities in the mechanical engineering department.

The Institute applauds the Mechanical Engineering department for proving their mettle and emerging success among departments from various universities/institutes, both government-funded and private, in the national level competition for the DST-FIST grant. SRM University-AP is confident that this financial support will propel the Mechanical Engineering department to new heights of success and enable them to contribute significantly to the scientific community. The institution remains committed to fostering an environment that encourages research, innovation, and knowledge creation.

The Department of Mechanical Engineering is delighted to share that Dr Supen Kumar Sah, Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, has received the best paper award for his paper titled “Free Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Material Sandwich Plate Using Refined Shear Deformation Theory” in the 2nd International Conference on Modern Research in Aerospace Engineering (MRAE 2023). Dr Supen collaborated with Saloni Malviya of VIT, Bhopal, for the research paper. The paper explores the intricate dynamics of functionally graded material sandwich plates, employing a refined deformation theory. Dr Sah’s exceptional work has not only contributed to the scientific community but has also demonstrated his dedication and passion for advancing knowledge in the field of materials science and engineering.

Abstract

In the present study, free vibration analysis of a functionally graded material sandwich plate has been carried out using refined shear deformation theory. The shear correction factor is not needed since the parabolic variation of shear strain through the thickness is in such a way that shear stresses vanish on the plate surfaces. Hamilton’s principle is used for the derivation of the equation of motion for the theory. Additionally, Navier’s solution is used to obtain the eigenvalue equation for the sandwich plate. The three variants of sandwich plate are chosen for the analysis. To carry out the free vibration analysis three different types of FGM sandwich plate models namely 1-1-1, 1-2-1, and 2-2-1 have been considered. A power law defines the volume fraction index and the material properties of the individual layers of the sandwich plate. Lastly, the impact of parameters such as volume fraction, aspect ratio, and length-to-width ratio on frequency parameters is investigated.

Future Research Plans

• Modelling and Analysis of porous uni and multi-directional Functionally Graded Material (FGM) plates to obtain the impact of porosity distributions over structural responses.

• Analytical and finite Element Solutions for static and dynamic response of FGM sandwich plates employing non-polynomial shear deformation theories under elastic foundation.

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